Islamic Legal Philosophy from the Perspective of Al Ghazali

Abstract

This study aims to comprehensively explain the construction of Islamic legal philosophy according to al-Ghazali and its relevance in the contemporary context. Method: This study uses a literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach to the works of al-Ghazali and supporting literature. Findings: The results of the study show that al-Ghazali successfully synthesized normative, rational, and spiritual approaches in understanding Islamic law. He emphasized that the essence of Sharia is to protect five basic principles (al-ḍarūriyyāt al-khams): protection of religion, life, reason, lineage, and property. Through a systematic uṣūl al-fiqh framework, he developed the concept of maṣlaḥah as the basis for legal considerations as long as it does not conflict with qath'i. Implications: Al-Ghazali's thinking remains relevant as a theoretical foundation for responding to social dynamics and developments, including contemporary issues such as Islamic economics, bioethics, and digital technology, without abandoning the basic principles of Sharia.